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#REDIRECT [[Creating an AMI]] |
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__NOTOC__ |
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= Creating an AMI = |
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The image created here is based on CentOS Linux. |
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== Create a File to Host the CentOS AMI == |
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A base CentOS Linux installation requires about 1.2 GB, but custom installation for a server environment might require up to 3.0 GB. |
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* Create a location to place the CentOS AMI |
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<pre><nowiki> |
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# mkdir -p /usr/local/src/EC2 |
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</nowiki></pre> |
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* Create a file to host the CentOS AMI |
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<pre><nowiki> |
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# dd if=/dev/zero of=/usr/local/src/EC2/bashlinux-server.fs bs=1M count=3072 |
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3072+0 records in |
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3072+0 records out |
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3221225472 bytes (3.2 GB) copied, 118.687 seconds, 27.1 MB/s |
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</nowiki></pre> |
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== Create a Root File System Inside the File == |
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Create an ''ext3'' file system |
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<pre><nowiki> |
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mke2fs -F -j /usr/local/src/EC2/bashlinux-server.fs |
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mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006) |
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Filesystem label= |
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OS type: Linux |
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Block size=4096 (log=2) |
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Fragment size=4096 (log=2) |
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393216 inodes, 786432 blocks |
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39321 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user |
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First data block=0 |
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Maximum filesystem blocks=805306368 |
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24 block groups |
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32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group |
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16384 inodes per group |
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Superblock backups stored on blocks: |
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32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912 |
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Writing inode tables: done |
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Creating journal (16384 blocks): done |
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Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done |
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This filesystem will be automatically checked every 30 mounts or |
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180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override. |
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</nowiki></pre> |
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== Mount the File through Loopback == |
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# Create a mount point in the file system where the image will be attached: |
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<pre><nowiki> |
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# mkdir -p /mnt/EC2-FS |
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</nowiki></pre> |
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# Mount the file system image: |
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<pre><nowiki> |
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mount -o loop /usr/local/src/EC2/bashlinux-server.fs /mnt/EC2-FS/ |
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</nowiki></pre> |
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== Prepare for the Installation == |
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# Create a `/dev` directory and populate it with a minimal set of devices. You can ignore the errors in the output |
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<pre><nowiki> |
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# mkdir -p /mnt/EC2-FS/dev |
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# MAKEDEV -d /mnt/EC2-FS/dev -x console |
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# MAKEDEV -d /mnt/EC2-FS/dev -x null |
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# MAKEDEV -d /mnt/EC2-FS/dev -x zero |
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</nowiki></pre> |
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# Create the `/etc` directory |
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<pre><nowiki> |
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# mkdir -p /mnt/EC2-FS/etc |
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</nowiki></pre> |
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# Create the `fstab` file within the `/mnt/EC2-FS/etc` directory and add the following: |
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<pre><nowiki> |
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/dev/sda1 / ext3 defaults 1 1 |
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none /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 |
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none /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0 |
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none /proc proc defaults 0 0 |
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none /sys sysfs defaults 0 0 |
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</nowiki></pre> |
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# Create a temporary yum configuration file `/usr/local/src/EC2/yum-ec2.conf` |
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<pre><nowiki> |
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[base] |
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name=CentOS-5.1 - Base |
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mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=5.1&arch=i386&repo=os |
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baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/5.1/os/i386/ |
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gpgcheck=0 |
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[updates] |
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name=CentOS-5.1 - Updates |
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mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=5.1&arch=i386&repo=updates |
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baseurl=http://mirror.centos.org/centos/5.1/updates/i386/ |
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gpgcheck=0 |
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</nowiki></pre> |
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This ensures all the required basic packages and utilities are installed. This file can be located on image location `/usr/local/src/EC2`, and is used only during installation |
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# Hide system repositories for AMI installation |
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<pre><nowiki> |
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# mkdir /root/tmp-yum |
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# mv /etc/yum.respos.d/* /root/tmp-yum/ |
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</nowiki></pre> |
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This avoids the use of system repositories that requires a specific value for `$releasever` and `$basearch`, also avoids the duplicated repository error messages. |
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# Mount the `proc` filesystem manually |
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<pre><nowiki> |
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# mkdir -p /mnt/EC2-FS/proc |
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# mount -t proc none /mnt/EC2-FS/proc |
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</nowiki></pre> |
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# Create log folder |
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<pre><nowiki> |
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# mkdir -p /mnt/EC2-FS/var/log |
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</nowiki></pre> |
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== Install the Operating System == |
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* Install the Base operating system |
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<pre><nowiki> |
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# yum -c /usr/local/src/EC2/yum-ec2.conf --installroot=/mnt/EC2-FS --exclude=sysreport -y groupinstall Core Base |
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Core Base |
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Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration |
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Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration |
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Setting up Group Process |
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Setting up repositories |
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extras 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00 |
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updates 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00 |
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base 100% |=========================| 1.1 kB 00:00 |
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addons 100% |=========================| 951 B 00:00 |
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yumgroups.xml 100% |=========================| 9.7 kB 00:00 |
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comps.xml 100% |=========================| 912 kB 00:05 |
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Setting up repositories |
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Reading repository metadata in from local files |
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primary.xml.gz 113 kB 00:02 |
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################################################## 421/421 |
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primary.xml.gz 100% |=========================| 278 kB 00:01 |
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################################################## 502/502 |
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primary.xml.gz 100% |=========================| 834 kB 00:06 |
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################################################## 2400/2400 |
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primary.xml.gz 100% |=========================| 157 B 00:00 |
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Excluding Packages in global exclude list |
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... |
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Complete! |
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</nowiki></pre> |
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Due compatibility errors with `sos` package, `sysreport` package should be excluded. |
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* Install the packages and files needed for a server |
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To do a fast installation try to use the "CentOS 5.1 Final" DVD and the CentOS-Media repository locate in the temporary location we set at `/root/tmp-yum`. To have done this do as follows: |
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# Insert "CentOS 5.1 Final" DVD |
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# If the sytem didn't mount automatically the DVD under `/media` folder, then run the command: |
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<pre><nowiki> |
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# mount /dev/cdrom /media/CentOS_5.1_Final |
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</nowiki></pre> |
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# Install the rest of the packages using the DVD as repository, try to get done by parts, in case something goes wrong: |
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<pre><nowiki> |
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yum -c /root/tmp-yum/CentOS-Media.repo --installroot=/mnt/EC2-FS --exclude=sysreport --exclude=nautilus-sendto -y groupinstall mysql editors system-tools text-internet gnome-desktop |
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yum --installroot=/mnt/EC2-FS clean all |
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yum -c /root/tmp-yum/CentOS-Media.repo --installroot=/mnt/EC2-FS --exclude=sysreport --exclude=nautilus-sendto -y groupinstall ftp-server network-server |
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yum --installroot=/mnt/EC2-FS clean all |
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yum -c /root/tmp-yum/CentOS-Media.repo --installroot=/mnt/EC2-FS --exclude=sysreport --exclude=nautilus-sendto -y groupinstall java java-development base-x graphics web-server |
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yum --installroot=/mnt/EC2-FS clean all |
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yum -c /root/tmp-yum/CentOS-Media.repo --installroot=/mnt/EC2-FS --exclude=sysreport --exclude=nautilus-sendto -y groupinstall smb-server mail-server server-cfg sound-and-video |
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yum --installroot=/mnt/EC2-FS clean all |
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yum -c /root/tmp-yum/CentOS-Media.repo --installroot=/mnt/EC2-FS --exclude=sysreport --exclude=nautilus-sendto -y groupinstall admin-tools development-tools graphical-internet |
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yum -c /root/tmp-yum/CentOS-Media.repo --installroot=/mnt/EC2-FS -y install mod_auth_mysql php-mysql vim-X11 festival createrepo audit mrtg amanda-client iptraf lynx kexec-tools device-mapper-multipath vnc-server xorg-x11-server-Xnest xorg-x11-server-Xvfb libsane-hpaio tomcat5-admin-webapps php-pear tomcat5-webapps mod_auth_mysql tomcat5 dnsmasq ruby ruby-rdoc ruby-devel ruby-ri ruby-docs mysql-devel php-mysql php-bcmath php-gd php-mcrypt php-soap php-xml imake memtest86+ compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-296 yum-cron libmcrypt |
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</nowiki></pre> |
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Due compatibility issues with `glib` package, `nautilus-sendto` package should be excluded. |
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* Restore yum repositories |
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<pre><nowiki> |
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# mv /root/tmp-yum/* /etc/yum.repos.d/ |
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</nowiki></pre> |
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== Configure the Operating System == |
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After successfully installing the the base operating system, you mus configure the networking and hard drives to work in the Amazon EC2 environment. |
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* Configure the operating system |
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* Create _/mnt/EC2-FS/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0_ and make sure it contains at least the following information: |
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<pre><nowiki> |
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DEVICE=eth0 |
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BOOTPROTO=dhcp |
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ONBOOT=yes |
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TYPE=Ethernet |
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USERCTL=yes |
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PEERDNS=yes |
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IPV6INIT=no |
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</nowiki></pre> |
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<pre><nowiki>#!wiki note |
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'''Note''' |
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The Amazon EC2 DHCP server ignores hostname requests. If you set _DHCP_HOSTNAME_, the local hostname will be set on the instance but not externally. Additionally, the local hostname will be the same for all instances of the AMI, which might be confusing. |
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</nowiki></pre> |
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# Ensure that networking starts by making sure the following line appears in the `/mnt/EC2-FS/etc/sysconfig/network` file: |
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<pre><nowiki> |
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NETWORKING=yes |
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</nowiki></pre> |
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# Create `/etc/hosts` file with default configuration |
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<pre><nowiki> |
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# echo "127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost" > /mnt/EC2-FS/etc/hosts |
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</nowiki></pre> |
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# Ensure that SELinux is disabled |
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<pre><nowiki> |
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# perl -pi -e 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /mnt/EC2-FS/etc/selinux/config |
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</nowiki></pre> |
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# Ensure that local disk storage on `/dev/sda2` and swap space on `/dev/sda3` are mounted at system startup by adding the following lines to `/mnt/EC2-FS/etc/fstab`: |
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<pre><nowiki> |
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/dev/sda2 /mnt ext3 defaults 0 0 |
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/dev/sda3 swap swap defaults 0 0 |
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</nowiki></pre> |
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<pre><nowiki>#!wiki note |
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'''Note''' |
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The `/dev/sda2` and `/dev/sda3` storage locations only apply to small instances. For more information on instance storage, see [[http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/AWSEC2/2008-02-01/DeveloperGuide/instance-storage.html]] |
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</nowiki></pre> |
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# Change base root to `/mnt/EC2-FS` |
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<pre><nowiki> |
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# chroot /mnt/EC2-FS |
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</nowiki></pre> |
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# Make sure all of your required services start at system startup by allocating them appropriate system run levels: |
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<pre><nowiki> |
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# chkconfig --level 2345 sshd on |
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# chkconfig --level 345 monit |
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</nowiki></pre> |
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# In order to setup MySQL first startup the network, then fire up MySQL |
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<pre><nowiki> |
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# /etc/init.d/network start |
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# /etc/init.d/mysqld start |
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</nowiki></pre> |
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# Create your user account: |
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<pre><nowiki> |
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# useradd myuser |
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# passwd myuser |
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</nowiki></pre> |
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# Stop services and umount the image: |
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<pre><nowiki> |
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# /etc/init.d/mysqld stop |
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# /etc/init.d/network stop |
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# umount /mnt/EC2-FS/proc |
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# umount -d /mnt/EC2-FS |
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</nowiki></pre> |
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Latest revision as of 22:50, 9 June 2015
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